747 results found for Louis E. Frenzel, displaying items 1 - 20
June 25, 2009
[TechView: Communications] Programmable Clock Improves Gigabit Network Performance
As network speeds increase, the jitter performance of the timing clock becomes a major design factor. The best solution is to start with a quality clock with minimum jitter. Cypress Semiconductor’s FleXO family of programmable high-performance clock generators deliver ultra-low phase jitter as low as 0.6 ps typical from 12 kHz to 20 MHz.
June 25, 2009[Engineering Essentials] Understanding Common-Mode And Differential-Mode Interference
When identifying and controlling electromagnetic interference (EMI), discussion of common-mode and differentialmode interference will likely dominate. Differential-mode interference is a signal that appears on two lines of a closed loop, but current flow is in opposite directions. This kind of interference essentially appears in series with the desired signal. The solution is an inductor in series with the high side (and/or low side) of the line and a...
June 25, 2009[Engineering Essentials] EMI/EMC Regulations
Almost all governments have very specific rules and regulations related to the control of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Most spell out the parameters of what is allowed and methods of testing. In the U.S., EMI guidelines for commercial equipment are handled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) section 47 Parts 15, 18, and 68 contain relevant information that all engineers should be aware of when ...
June 25, 2009[Engineering Essentials] The Dark Force Of Evil In Electronics: Electromagnetic Interference
Is there an electronic product or circuit that’s not susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI)? For that matter, are any devices EMI-free? Simply put, no. EEs wish it wasn’t the case, of course, but it’s a fact of life in electrical engineering— and it’s one of those things they typically don’t teach you in school. Most engineers find out about EMI on the job, where expunging it often takes more time than the original design itself. And don’t...
June 18, 2009
[Editor's Notebook] Do You Need Wireless Video Transmission For Your HDTV? Maybe, Sort Of…
It has been possible to send HD video over wireless links for consumer electronic equipment connectivity for a long time. Wi-Fi and WiMedia UWB solutions have been around a few years, but both rely on compression techniques to bring the data load down into a range that the wireless data speeds can handle. But compressing and then decompressing video always leaves it just a bit less definitive than before compression.
June 17, 2009
[TechView: Communications] IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver Targets ZigBee, RF4CE Remote-Control, And Smart Energy Apps
The CC2530 from Texas Instruments is an 802.15.4 radio on a chip along with an 8051-compatible MCU and appropriate interfaces that should find its way into a variety of wireless applications. Recall that 802.15.4 transceivers operate in the worldwide unlicensed 2.4-GHz band with 16 channels of data using direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). The data rate is 250 kbits/s. More and more, this standard is being adopted in industrial and commercial monitoring and control products.
June 17, 2009
[TechView: Communications] RS-485/RS-422 Serial Transceivers Now Can Hit 32 Mbits/s
The popular RS-485 and RS-422 serial data networks used in industrial automation can now be made better than ever thanks to Exar’s SP349x series of transceivers, which offer data rates to 32 Mbits/s and increased line protection. When designing new RS-485 and RS-422 hardware and next-generation industrial networks for process control, plant environmental control, and remote sensing and metering applications, you can get the extra speed often demanded.
June 18, 2009[Technology Report] Hot Cellular Market Can't Escape Icy Economic Winds
While nothing seems to be totally immune to the economic downturn, except perhaps government growth, the wireless industry is still performing better than most. Revenue is down, but the subscriber rate is up. U.S. carriers added 15 million new subscribers in 2008, boosting the total to more than 270 million by the end of the year. Just over 2.2 trillion minutes were used for voice calls alone in 2008. Total cellular revenue topped $148...
June 11, 2009[Technology Report] Latest Test Solutions Measure Up To Wireless Challenges
Demand for test solutions in the communications and wireless sector continues to soar. Not only has there been an explosion in the adoption rate of new wireless technologies, but couple that with tough standards, multiple radios per product, and millions of devices to test, and it quickly becomes evident that testing capability is critical to the success of any wireless device today. Not to fret, though. Test and measurement companies are on top of the situation. A...
June 11, 2009[TechView: Communications] Quad 10BaseT Ethernet PHY Transceiver Consumes Just 2 W/Port
for years to make a low-power 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) twisted-pair transceiver, especially in multiport versions to make 10GE 48-port switch platforms practical. Now, Aquantia has accomplished that goal with its AQ1401 quad-port, AQ1202 dualport, and AQ1103 single-port 10GBaseT Ethernet physicallayer (PHY) transceivers (see the figure). The speed and power characteristics were ...
June 11, 2009[TechView: Communications] Largest Cross Point Switch Has 25,600 Switching Paths At 6.5 Gbits/s
The 160-by-160 M21165 cross point switch from Mindspeed Technologies provides up to 25,600 unique switching paths, making it the largest cross point switch on a single die, according to the company (see the figure). Each of the paths is capable of frequencies and data rates to 6.5 Gbits/s. The target applications for this non-blocking and fully protocol- agnostic switch include ...
May 21, 2009[TechView: Communications] 10GE Controller Transforms Data Centers With Virtualized I/O And Unified Networking
The 82599 10-Gbit/s dual-port Ethernet controller from Intel is designed to address some of the trends driving datacenter upgrades. For example, it includes hardware optimization for I/O virtualization and supports unified networking, allowing local-area network (LAN), storage-area network (SAN), and Internet Protocol communications (IPC) traffic to share the same Ethernet network. With data-center traffic continuing to grow, IT departments ...
May 13, 2009
[Web Exclusive] WI-FI 101
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) is one of the most widely used non-cellular wireless technologies. Wi-Fi is the trade name for products and systems that use the IEEE’s 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN).
May 12, 2009
[Editor's Notebook] Powerline Communication Standards Continue To Struggle
Powerline networking puts OFDM on the ac powerline for high-speed data transfers over the installed power wiring. There are no new wires. The standard ac outlets are your network connections. That has to be as convenient as wireless, since every room or area in your home probably has multiple ac outlets. Yet the powerline networking segment of home networking is in a muddle and not doing as well as it could.
May 7, 2009[Engineering Essentials] Coax Connectors
Just as important as the cable itself are the connectors that terminate coax cable. They’re a weak link since they also add to the signal attenuation and cause anomalies that can change the impedance slightly, causing reflections. Over the years, connectors have gotten better at minimizing attenuation and impedance mismatches. BNC, F, N, SMA, TNC, and UHF are the most commonly used coax connectors (see...
May 7, 2009[Engineering Essentials] Coaxial Cable—Still The Best Way To Make An RF Connection
You know about coaxial cable (Fig. 1). We all use it in one form or another, and it seems simple enough. But while modern cable products are better than ever, there are some real subtitles in their selection and application. Connecting dc and low-frequency ac including audio is easy. You just run some wires from point A to point B. The biggest challenge may seem to lie in choosing the ...
April 23, 2009[TechView: Communications] Fast ZigBee/802.15.4 Radio Offers Voice Capability
Several ZigBee and 802.15.4 transceiver modules are available for wireless sensor and mesh networks, but the MeshConnect ZICM2410P0 from California Eastern Laboratories (CEL) is unique (see the figure). Designed for the usual cable replacement, wireless point-to-point, multipoint-to-point, and mesh sensor applications, it is additionally useful in HVAC monitoring and control, lighting, remote...
April 23, 2009[TechView: Communications] VCSEL Driver And Limiting Amp IC Match 10GE, 8G Fibre Channel Apps
When designing multisource agreement (MSA) optical transceiver modules such as SFP and SFP+, you need a superior compact laser driver and a photo diode amplifier to provide the performance expected in 10-Gbit/s applications. Maxim Integrated Products’ MAX3798 gets the job done (see the figure). Expected uses include 1/2/4/8-Gbit/s Fibre Channel and 10G Ethernet (10GE) including 10GBaseSR,...
April 20, 2009
[TechView: Communications] 10-Gbit EPON Ready For New Apps
PMC-Sierra has developed complete systems for symmetric 10G EPON, including the PAS8011 10G Optical Line Terminals (OLT) for the carrier central-office side of the line and the 10G PAS9011 Optical Network Unit (ONU) for the customer premise side of the line.
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