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Clayton B. Grantham

Clayton B. Grantham, test engineer, National Semiconductor Corp., Tucson, Ariz., received an MBEE and MSEE in electrical engineering from the University of Arizona, Tucson.


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  • Germanium Dual-Boost Starts At 260 mV

    By Clayton B. Grantham, May 10, 2007

    No matter what portable power source you use, the lower the starting voltage your circuitry operates at, the better. A lower startup voltage also maximizes runtime. Furthermore, to completely discharge the power source, circuitry must run on ever-low

  • Battery Stack Drives Seven White LEDs

    By Clayton B. Grantham, March 02, 2006

    Illuminating more than one very bright white LED requires a choice of configuration, either series or parallel. Of course, each configuration has design tradeoffs. A parallel connection requires a lower voltage across each LED, yet ballast resistors o

  • Single Alkaline Battery Drives White LED

    By Clayton B. Grantham, October 27, 2003

    Although the boost circuit in Figure 1 comes off as rather simple (only two npn transistors), its benefits include low startup voltage and long battery life. White LEDs have gained immediate popularity...

  • Supervisory IC Protects System Against Overvoltage Conditions

    By Clayton B. Grantham, May 13, 2002

    Careful design limits overvoltage on the supply input of integrated circuits, and avoids compromising an IC's specifications. Overvoltage damage can cause an immediate failure, or accelerate an early-life reliability failure. Older technology CMOS...

  • Simple LED Flasher Yields 99% Power Reduction

    By Clayton B. Grantham, December 03, 2001

    An LED is commonly used as a "power on" indicator for many electronic devices. For the LED to produce discernible visible light in daylight, the forward-bias current needs to be in the moderate range (10 to 20 mA). This amount of current may be too...

  • Precision Current Source Design Employs Bootstrapped Integrator

    By Clayton B. Grantham, February 19, 2001

    The general-purpose current source in Figure 1 is accurate within 1% and insensitive to temperature (less than 50 ppm/°C). It also has a high output resistance and a wide compliance range (4.3 to 34...

  • Internal Oven Provides Voltage Reference Less Than 1-ppm/°C Drift

    By Clayton B. Grantham, April 03, 2000

    When precision voltage-reference requirements demand less than 1-ppm/°C temperature drift, the designer can choose to use expensive components (off-the-shelf modules) or build a custom oven enclosure. This second choice is common among...