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345 results found, displaying items 161 - 180
Current-Shunt Monitor Modulates Fan Speed
For maximum reliability, cooling-fan speed should be based on current rather than temperature. Commonly available thermal-sensing fan-control ICs require elevated temperatures to start fans, and even higher temperatures to turn them on harder. In...
C Program Magnifies Spectrum When An FFT Can't Hack It
Many science and engineering applications require an accurate frequency spectrum or Fourier transform of a signal. The Fourier transform of a sequence of samples of a signal is shown in Equation...
Increase Common-Mode Range For Fully Differential Amplifiers
Fully differential amplifiers have grown in popularity because of their low distortion, excellent noise rejection, and the simplicity of interfacing them with differential analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This application shows how to increase the...
L-C Transformer Cuts Cost And Size, Adds Low-Pass Filtering
L-C equivalents of microwave quarter-wave transformers provide cost savings, miniaturization, and supplementary low-pass filtering. Typically, these transformers have been synthesized directly with published design tables.1, 2 But the...
Analog Pink-Noise Source Drives Earphones Or Speakers
Acoustic white noise is useful as a masking sound to improve privacy in offices, or as a soothing sound field to help concentration and sleep. It has also been said to aid in therapy for people suffering from tinnitus (ringing in the ears). White...
Battery-Powered Stereo Balance Control Features Low Distortion
Figure 1 shows a low-power, low-distortion circuit that can be used to balance the left and right headphones or speakers in battery-powered automotive or computer applications. The circuit contains a...
Simple Electronic Lock Uses Single-Transistor Circuit
A very simple but highly efficient combination lock circuit is shown in the figure. Any type of on/off switches can be used, varying from commercially available inexpensive types to more sophisticated miniswitches. The switches are assembled according...
"AC Vias" Can Improve Decoupling
Good decoupling is nearly always essential in a world of mixed-signal designs that exhibit increasing speed, performance, and component density. There are cases, though, where proper decoupling is absolutely critical if the circuit is to deliver its...
PMOS Transistor Guarantees Accurate Power-Up Sequencing
A TFT LCD panel requires three voltages: VDD, VON, and VOFF. VDD, typically 13 V, powers the video signal path. VON, usually 25 V, supplies the turn-on gate drive bias voltage for the TFT cell....
Design An Adaptable Power Supply For XENPAK
XENPAK is a multisource agreement (MSA) for a 10-Gbit transceiver package. As part of the XENPAK MSA, each XENPAK module requires input power from an adaptable power supply (APS) that resides on a backplane. ...
Voltage-To-Current Converter Works From A Single-Supply Rail
Voltage-to-current converters feeding to grounded loads often find their way into industrial measurements and control applications. The conventional textbook circuit needs both positive and negative-supply rails (...
Software Filter Boosts Signal-Measurement Stability, Precision
Small or embedded systems often require a delicate measurement in the presence of high noise or interference. Without fancy filtering hardware, high-speed processing, or digital signal processing, it can be difficult to extract a stable signal of...
Simple CATV Upstream Fiber-Optic Receiver Uses DC-Pilot AGC
Upstream fiber links in a community antenna television (CATV) system are usually among the most difficult elements of the network to align properly. Set-top boxes and cable modems employ "long-loop" automatic gain control (AGC) (in other words,...
Remote Three-Wire RTDs Can Multiplex Accurately To Measurement System
To maintain accuracy when multiplexing several three-wire resistive temperature detectors (RTDs) to a measurement system, multiplexer error voltages must be eliminated. These voltages are produced by the RTD excitation current flowing through the on...
For Just Pennies, Boost Current From Negatimve Linear Regulator
Adding four components to a negative linear regulator (U1 in the figure) increases the load current by 60%. The additional pass transistor and associated resistors cost less than $0.17 in 1000-unit...
Independently Vary A Multivibrator's Duty Cycle And Frequency
When testing the response of many pulse-width-modulated (PWM) systems, there's a need to independently vary a multivibrator's frequency and duty cycle. Such systems include dc motors, ultrasonic hydrophones, and piezo-ceramic transducers. The ...
Add Programmable Gain To A Peak Detector
If your system's signal processing requirements in-clude peak detection and amplification, consider a simple circuit that will satisfy both needs and save hardware. The single-supply circuit shown in the ...
Counte Resets LRS Generator
A linear-recursive-sequence (LRS) generator produces binary sequences using a shift register and feedback through an exclusive-OR gate. The sequence length equals 2N1, where N represents the number of registers. The generator cycles...
Current-Feedback Op Amps Save Power In Photodiode Apps
Current-feedback amplifiers offer high bandwidth with minimal power-supply current draw. However, they're rarely used as transimpedance amplifiers in photodiode applications due to the high current noise of their inverting inputs. The ...
Universal Low-Jitter Level Shifter Drives High-Performance ADCs
This idea describes a circuit that converts a low-phase-noise sinusoidal signal into a low-jitter square wave, suitable to drive analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The square wave's amplitude and average value are adjustable to comply with any...
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