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345 results found, displaying items 201 - 220
Low-Voltage Series Reference Draws Only 2.4 μA
For systems with miniscule power budgets, implementing a low-power voltage reference involves many compromises. One design option is the low-voltage shunt reference. Available since the birth of the bandgap cell, this device traditionally operates...
One Resistor Takes The Heat From Single-Supply Op Amps
To maximize signal swing, the output of a single-supply op amp is usually biased at half the supply voltage (Fig. 1a). For ground-referenced loads, however, this configuration can result in maximum...
Create A D/A Output Using Two Pins On A PIC Micro
With the addition of only a resistor and a capacitor, the low-cost eight-pin PIC12C671 can be used to provide an 8-bit digital-to-analog output (Fig. 1). Of course, this topology will work with...
Decompensated Op-Amp Gain Is Adjustable From Zero To Open-Loop
Over three decades ago, the internally frequency-compensated, monolithic op amp was introduced. Since then, many of these devices have been made available in two variations. While both versions are designed to maintain the same dc parameters, they...
Latching Overvoltage Indicator Handles Large Overloads
This overvoltage detector can be connected to any dc power source (Fig. 1). Its purpose is to provide a visual indication of when the voltage exceeds a preset value, which may range from around 3 V...
Quad Video Amp Splits And Buffers An S-Video Signal
This circuit employs a quad 400-MHz gain-bandwidth, 800-V/µs, low-power, current-feedback amplifier (Fig. 1). It's used to split a single S-video signal input (luminance and chroma) into two...
4-To-20-mA Loop Powers Temperature Sensor
Using an analog temperature sensor, an op amp, a transistor, and a low-dropout linear regulator, this circuit provides a 4-to-20-mA output over a 3.75- to 28-V compliance range (see the figure)....
Second-Order Audio Filter Performs Multiple Functions
The second-order multipurpose filter described here can perform as a low-pass, bandpass, high-pass, or notch filter at audio frequencies. What makes this filter unique is that all of its characteristics can be varied independently with...
Differential Feedback Produces Two Regulated Outputs From One
The need often arises for a circuit with two regulated outputs from a single supply (controller). In some cases, the output won't require particularly tight regulation. Instead, only adequate regulation will be necessary for the parts to be...
The "Starved-Circuit" Amplifier Is Revived In A Transistor Version
Back in the '60s, there was an intriguing circuit article titled "Starved-Circuit Amplifier" published in Popular Electronics magazine. It used a sharp cut-off pentode with a 3-MΩ load resistor and had a voltage gain of over 1000. Of...
Digital-To-Analog-Resistance Converter Is Optically Isolated
The subject of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) applications is generally rather tame. It's usually confined to a boring discussion of settling time, the number of bits of resolution needed, the virtues of serial or parallel interfaces, and whether...
Active Feedback Amplifier Enables High-Performance A-To-D Conversion
Designers employing high-performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have a common problem: there are few, if any, amplifiers on the market that can provide the accuracy needed to buffer an input signal and drive a 16-bit ADC without a loss of...
Negative-Resistance Load Canceller Helps Drive Heavy Loads
Though not difficult, driving a load from a voltage reference IC requires some attention. After determining the supply voltage and output voltage, various other design parameters need to be considered. These include the output-voltage temperature...
Precision Thermostat Uses TBH And AC Feed-Forward Compensation
Precision temperature control with relatively high-power heaters driven directly from unregulated "120-V" ac lines is an efficient, inexpensive way to manage large thermal loads. A number of annoying complications can render this straightforward...
Precision Current Source Design Employs Bootstrapped Integrator
The general-purpose current source in Figure 1 is accurate within 1% and insensitive to temperature (less than 50 ppm/°C). It also has a high output resistance and a wide compliance range (4.3 to 34...
12-V Amplifier Is Designed Using Low-Voltage Digital Potentiometer
Analog circuits today are typically biased from ±5 V to ±18 V. But the trend is toward lower voltages. For this reason, many components are designed to operate primarily in ±5-V systems. One example is the digitally controlled...
One Single-Section Potentiometer Sets The Gain On Two Channels
What signal conditioning circuit could possibly be easier or more straightforward to design than a dual-channel dc amplifier with a common tracking-gain control? Of course, the obvious way to realize this trivial function is by simply wiring up...
Take Back Half: A Novel Integrating Temperature-Control Algorithm
According to Linear Technology’s Jim Williams, “The unfortunate relationship between servo systems and oscillators is very apparent in thermal control systems.” (Linear Applications Handbook, 1990). High-performance temperature control is...
Simple Current-Loop Transmitter Converts PWM To 4-to-20-mA Output
Over long cable runs, an isolated 4-to-20-mA current loop offers robust noise immunity and tolerance. This characteristic makes it popular for analog data transmission in noisy industrial and process control environments. Unfortunately, the...
DAC/μP-Supervisor Combination Improves Analog I/O Reliability
Industrial controllers, programmable- logic controllers (PLCs), and data-acquisition systems often use 0- to 5-V, 0- to 10-V, ±5-V, ±10-V, and 4-to- 20-mA current loops to transmit the values of analog control signals. For safety reasons,...
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