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345 results found, displaying items 241 - 260
Two Inverters Create A Versatile SR Flip-Flop With No NAND/NOR Gates
Classical SR flip-flops require two NAND gates for active-low inputs or two NOR gates for active-high inputs. The circuit shown uses only two inverters connected in a latch configuration via resistors R1 and R2 (...
Low-Cost Function Generator
This low-cost function generator, based on the Maxim MAX038 high-frequency waveform generator, produces sine, triangle, and square waves from under 1 Hz to over 20 MHz (see the figure). The...
Internal Oven Provides Voltage Reference Less Than 1-ppm/°C Drift
When precision voltage-reference requirements demand less than 1-ppm/°C temperature drift, the designer can choose to use expensive components (off-the-shelf modules) or build a custom oven enclosure. This second choice is common among...
Multiplying Digital Synthesizer
Many applications, such as Doppler radar receivers, EW systems, etc., require coherent frequency synthesis. Direct digital synthesis, an important technology of frequency synthesis, is popular due to its excellent frequency accuracy and agility,...
Acquire And Control Linear CCD Sensors Using EPP Protocol
A linear CCD camera is an essential component in many engineering and consumer applications. Usually, designers must contend with expensive commercial cameras supported with complex interfaces that can't be easily adapted for a wide range of...
Multiplexer Restores Analog Inputs To Flash Microcontroller
The Microchip PIC16F877 microcontroller provides data acquisition, digital I/O, and parallel port communication in an easy-to-use package. However, by design, if the parallel slave port is used, the analog input channels 5 through 7 aren't...
Comparator Features Symmetrical Thresholds
The comparator often is the simplest bridge between analog and digital worlds, but crossing this bridge isn't as simple as might be thought. Keep in mind, we are leaving the analog world with an indefinite number of states and entering into a vastly...
Eliminate RTD Self-Heating Errors
Synchronous detection, long used in telecommunications because of performance potential, can now be effectively applied to sensor interface circuitry due to advances in low-cost ICs. This circuit (see...
High-Current, Low-Voltage Shunt Regulator
This design idea describes a high-current (up to 8 A) shunt-regulator built around the TLV431 low-voltage, adjustable, precision shunt-regulator IC. Special attention was paid to implementing this design as a "two-terminal" circuit block, greatly...
Current Loop Has 5-kV Isolation
This Idea for Design was originally published Jan. 7, 1993, p. 113. By using an AD7245A DACPORT, a linear optoisolator, and a discrete V-I converter to control loop current, a 4-to-20-mA isolated current loop may be digitally...
Solid-State Multiplexers Reduce Half-Bridge Error
The half-bridge configuration is handy when using nonlinear sensors, such as thermistors, since it can partially compensate for the sensor's nonlinearity. However, multiplexing a single resistor to multiple sensors generally requires the use of...
Use Accelerometers For Vibration Measurement And Control
Recent advances in microelectronic mechanical systems (MEMS) have made high-performance, high-accuracy, low-cost accelerometers available on a single monolithic IC. Accelerometers are used for acceleration and tilt measurements, vibration control,...
MOS Switches Find An Application In An Analog ATE Circuit
MOS switches have for the most part been excluded from a large number of analog and mixed-signal test applications because of their high leakage currents and larger on-resistances. Relays, particularly low-picofarad relays and low-thermal-EMF...
Build Precise V/F Converter
This Idea for Design was originally published May 13, 1993, p. 70. A single-supply, 5-V powered, voltage-to-frequency (V/F) converter can be built with low-power ICs and just a handful of passive components (...
Line Driver Features Synthesized Output Impedance
The common line driver uses a series resistor at the output to control the amplifier’s output impedance. The output impedance should be equal to the load impedance in order to achieve high return...
Combine A Hot-Swap Circuit With A Linear Regulator
Some applications require both a hot-swap circuit to limit inrush currents and a linear regulator to maintain a constant output voltage from minimum to maximum load current. To compensate for the...
A Window Comparator Can Create The Simplest Electronic Key
Today’s digital technology has given birth to many systems that are useful for electronic key applications. Some utilize digital keyboard access, serial burst data sent via radio, and other...
Charge Pump Aids High-Power Switch-Mode Regulator
Switch-mode buck-regulator ICs can deliver high power with high efficiency, but they seldom operate with input voltages below 3 V. That restriction excludes the use of single-lithium-ion-cell...
Efficient Charge Pump Converts 5 V To 3.3 V
The common approach for generating 5-V and 3.3-V supply rails in portable applications is to convert the main 5-V supply to 3.3 V using a lowdropout (LDO) linear regulator. LDOs offer low cost,...
GaAsFET Power Supply Has Negative Gate Bias, Automatic Power-Up Sequencing
GaAsFETs are frequently used as high-power RF amplifiers for cell-phone repeaters and similar devices. In general, they require a negative supply voltage of −4 V to −5 V to bias the...
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