KULR Gains Exclusivity to NASA, NREL Li-ion Safety Testing Devices

Thermal runaway occurs when the heat and fire from the failure of a single battery cell spreads to neighboring cells, causing a chain-reaction fire and explosion.

Thermal Runaway Shield

KULR’s thermal runaway shield (TRS) prevents thermal runaway in neighboring cells by keeping the temperature below 100°C. When thermal runaway occurs in a single cell, the TRS absorbs the heat and prevents adjacent cells from getting too hot and subsequently entering thermal runaway. The system is lightweight, cost-effective, and contains a flame arrestor to block the fire from reaching surrounding cells.

“Most often, to induce an on-demand thermal runaway response in trigger cells, safety verification required over-testing, resulting in over-designing the battery,” said Dr. Eric Darcy, Battery Systems Technical Discipline Lead at NASA-Johnson Space Center. “With the ISC, researchers can now design and produce cells and cell configurations that deal with the thermal runaway threat directly.”

KULR Technology’s core technology is a proprietary, vertically aligned carbon-fiber cooling material that’s lighter, more flexible, and more efficient than traditional thermal-management products. The fiber was co-developed over decades of testing and research with NASA, and has been deployed on the International Space Station and included in research missions to Mars and Mercury.

The carbon fiber developed by KULR has virtually unlimited commercial and industrial applications for battery safety, reducing heat, and increasing the longevity of electronic components as well as the efficiency of energy storage. The company also has extensive experience with tailoring various waxes for its melting heat-sink technologies. With wax as the key insulator in the ISC device, KULR will able to optimize the activation temperature of the device upon request.

“Our goal is to make it easier to understand the challenges of lithium-ion batteries and work with our clients and partners to design and deploy efficient solutions that will keep batteries, electronics and consumers safer,” said Dr. Timothy Knowles, co-founder and CTO of KULR Technology. “With companies pouring billions of dollars into battery production facilities and expecting more and more power in less and less space, testing and securing batteries will only become more and more essential.”

“So, we’re honored and excited to take on this new responsibility with NREL and NASA and assist in developing the next generation of lithium-ion battery safeguards.”

Lithium-ion batteries are the industry and consumer standard for portable power; billions of individual battery cells exist and billions more are planned for production. They provide power for everything from smartphones and laptops to electric cars and spacecraft. But lithium-ion batteries fail, sometimes with catastrophic results.

Creating Failure

Due to the relative rarity of cell failures, scientists and researchers had been unable to reliably or accurately replicate latent defect cell failures in lab settings, impeding research into safer battery technology. In 2015, researchers at NREL and NASA developed and patented a device—the Internal Short Circuit—that creates these cell failures in predictable conditions.

“Cell designers, battery developers, and researchers need these devices to be able to better understand the cell internal shorting phenomena and its implications on cell and battery design. Numerous manned space applications rely on trigger cells with this implantable device to verifiably create the problems they are trying to address, and they are in high demand,” said NASA’s Darcy, who co-developed the ISC technology. “It’s really important that they are going to be more available and accessible.”

Over the past several years, lithium-ion battery failures have resulted in major recalls (Sony, 1.8 million batteries in 2006, HP 100,000 batteries in 2017), fatal aircraft downings, and repeated dangerous, even fatal consumer incidents.

Unfortunately, previous lithium-ion cell testing methods such as mechanical (crush, nail penetration), thermal (heat to vent, thermal cycling) and electrical (overcharge, off-limits cycling) were all simply “not relevant to the latent-defect-induced field failure,” according to a 2015 NASA and NREL presentation. The ISC breakthrough received the prestigious “R&D100 Award” in 2016 and was runner-up NASA invention of the year in 2017 and is now part of NASA’s “Crewed Space Vehicle Battery Safety Requirements.”

 “The ISC is a major step toward making battery technologies safer,” said NREL Senior Energy Storage Engineer Matt Keyser, who led the development work of the ISC. “For the first time, we could trigger cells to fail at a known location and time. Working with University College London in the UK, we have been able to use synchrotron imaging to watch failures in real time which allows us to design solutions. This vital research will now continue at KULR to help battery manufacturers engineer new safety measures for battery systems.”

“Improving battery safety is one of KULR’s core missions,” said KULR’s Knowles. “So, we’re honored and excited to take on this new responsibility with NREL and NASA and assist in developing the next generation of lithium-ion battery safeguards.”