Operating in space requires that the electronic components in spacecraft must withstand a wide variety of challenges, ranging from hundreds of degrees of temperature change to massive amounts of radiation. On the moon, for example, during a lunar day and night, the temperature on the surface can vary from around −200 to 200°C.
Outside the protective cover of the Earth’s atmosphere, the solar system is filled with radiation that can damage electronic devices. The effects range from performance degradation to complete functional failure.