Practical Input-Referred Calculations in Precision Systems (Download)

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When designing the signal chain for an analog measurement, errors, and noise from different components in the signal chain must be tallied up and used to determine top-level performance. Specifications can be expressed fractionally as a percentage, or if they’re in linear units, they can be output-referred or input-referred. Input-referred calculations tend to cause the most confusion, but they add important insight into system performance.