This article is found in the Electronic History section of our Series Library.
What you’ll learn:
- What is a CRT monitor and how was it created?
- Key moments throughout history to create the CRT monitor that we use today.
- What we typically use the modern CRT monitor for and why.
The history of the cathode ray tube (CRT) and its advances have been monumental when it comes to display mechanics. Its continued evolution from humble beginnings turned it into a relatively common visual display option over the years.
With the help of Thomas Electronics, let’s take an in-depth look at some key moments in the advancement of CRT monitor technology that has gotten us to where we are today.
What is a Cathode-Ray-Tube Monitor?
A cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube containing a source of electrons, ultimately used as a concentrated beam sent to a phosphorus fluorescent screen (Fig. 1). The phosphorescent screen is then struck by these electrons, causing it to light up and produce imagery. These displays were commonly used for visual data in heavy machinery, and even television screens.
The Conception of CRT Technology and Its Role in the Early 20th Century
CRT history can be traced back to 1897, when a German physicist by the name of Karl Ferdinand Braun first invented the cathode ray tube, which is, of course, the foundational element of CRT monitor technology. Braun's invention used an electron beam to light up phosphor, and ultimately create on-screen images. This core principle remained consistent throughout its continued evolution.
Down the line a bit further, General Electric unveiled the first home television in 1928, but public interest fell short of expectations. The first commercially made electronic televisions with CRTs were manufactured by Telefunken in Germany in 1934, followed by other makers in France, Britain, and the United States. Established TV networks didn’t arrive until the late 1940s, which is when such TVs really captured the public's attention.
Another 20th-century milestone is when Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian-born inventor, made significant developments to their present CRT monitor technology through his work at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).
Ultimately, Zworykin’s work led to the invention of the iconoscope and kinescope, which are key components of early television systems that relied on cathode ray tubes. These innovations helped establish a foundation for more modern television broadcasting and laid the groundwork for the further evolution of CRT technology.
CRTs in the Mid-20th Century
The mid-20th century is considered the golden age of CRT history. One of the most pivotal moments during this era was the introduction of color television, which revolutionized the entertainment industry and household electronics. In 1954, RCA introduced the first color television sets to the market, using CRTs.
This marked a significant milestone in the evolution of CRT monitor technology. It showcased the capability of displaying not just monochrome images, but fully colored content.
As color television sets became typical in households around the world, there was a surge in research and development toward enhancing the features of CRT displays even further. This led to improved color accuracy, higher resolution, and larger screen sizes.
CRTs in the Present
As we go into the modern day, the market is dominated by newer display technologies like LCD, LED, and OLED, which has led to dwindling usage of CRT monitors. Nevertheless, CRT displays continue to have a specialized use in certain industries and circumstances, despite their waning popularity (Fig. 2).
Specialized industrial and commercial applications that require CRT technology due to certain constraints constitute one of the most common remaining uses for these displays. CRT monitor technology is often applied in medical imaging devices like MRI scanners and X-ray machines, where their high contrast and grayscale capabilities remain vital for precise analysis.
CRT displays are frequently used in control panels and monitoring systems of heavy machinery within the mining, manufacturing, and construction industries. These kinds of displays are favored due to their reliability, consistency, and ability to withstand various environmental conditions such as dust, vibration, and fluctuating temperatures. They serve to improve operating efficiency and safety by giving operators access to real-time data.
A lot of older aircraft models and some specialist systems' flight displays still rely on CRT technology as well. In the aviation industry, where pilots require instantaneous and clear visibility of vital information like altitude, airspeed, navigation data, and engine characteristics, these features are especially necessary.
CRT Drawbacks and Limitations
CRT monitors still have restrictions and aren’t without their shortcomings, even in specialized applications. Their heft is one of the biggest disadvantages since it renders them less suitable for contemporary desktop computer configurations that prioritize portability and space.
In addition, compared to their modern equivalents, CRT displays produce more heat and consume more electricity, thus raising energy expenses and requiring appropriate ventilation to prevent overheating. CRT screens can also flicker, especially at lower refresh rates, which can be uncomfortable and straining on the eyes.
CRT Tech Remains Viable in Multiple Applications
Although more sophisticated display technologies have superseded CRT monitor technology in many applications, it’s still relevant in certain markets.
CRT technology still has a prevalent audience, whether its utilized in specific industrial applications, or for retro gaming and computing. Despite some shortcomings and restrictions, CRT monitor technology continues to be a lasting representation of creativity and invention in the field of visual displays.
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